It argues that the rhetorical ambiguity serves as a vehicle for conveying messages to Russia, the United States, the European Union, and domestic public opinion. While the strong narrative, accusing the United States of being hostile and a manipulator, is mainly for domestic consumption, statements from high ranking policymakers are part of China’s foreign policy. The strident language used at home, limiting any possible discussion over China’s policy towards Russia, as well as Xi Jinping’s close personal relations with Putin, strengthen the position of Xi Jinping before the 20th Congress later this year. The softer stance abroad includes possible solutions and expresses the political will to talk with Western partners. Please download the CAA Paper here.
